Presbyopia

Presbyopia is a change in visual ability that occurs with age, from about 40 years, and looks like trouble seeing up close. The cause of presbyopia is the progressive inability of the eye lens (“crystal”) to change shape (“accommodative amplitude”) to focus, due to its lower elasticity. The next graph represents the decrease in accommodative amplitude in relation to age.

The phenomenon affects all alike, although with different intensity and speed. Hyperopia and astigmatism are the earliest, in presbyopia, while in the short-sighted it is manifested in a less obvious. Continue reading

Female Genital Prolapse

What is female genital prolapse?

• It is the progressive downward displacement of the vagina and uterus, accompanied by the displacement of adjacent pelvic viscera, for relaxation of the perineal muscles perineal fibrous ring and of the suspension means.

Causes of genital prolapse - The factors driving genital prolapse include:

• A congenital weakness of the suspension means of the pelvic organs.

• A spontaneous labor, fetal macrosomia (large baby).

• Or, more often an operative delivery, especially after application of the forceps, resulting in laceration of the perineum, levator ani muscle and ligaments. Continue reading

Constipation in children

Typical signs

Not always easy to know if a child is really constipated. Some will naturally have a bowel movement every day, others much less often, as adults, but are not so far wrong. The task for parents is further complicated by the fact that the child does not necessarily reflect the particular complaint. The diagnosis is difficult, and only the doctor can decide, especially that “children are more tolerant of different constipation symptoms than adults,” said Dr. Florence Compeotto, a gastroenterologist at the Necker Hospital in Paris.

The doctor will therefore seek a set of typical symptoms.

The stools should be less frequent than usual for at least a month.

The child must have a bowel movement within two or three times a week.

The expulsion of the stool is hard and painful.

It is often the victim of encopresis, that is to say, uncontrolled fecal leakage.

He regularly complains of abdominal pain and may have swollen belly.

Constipation is relatively common in children: it is estimated that for nearly 30% of them at some point in their lives. Unlike adults, it is more common in boys than in girls. Continue reading

Cystitis

The cystitis is a bladder infection . This is an acute inflammation of the lining of the bladder due to infection by bacteria. The cystitis is called simple benign and easily treated. Complicated cystitis appear on a “field” and impose a particular conduct to be more consistent.

Women more affected than men by cystitis

It is very common in women because of their anatomy : short urethra, close to the perineum ( vagina , anus), so the colonization of bacteria to the bladder from the intestines and out is easy …

Cystitis is most often caused by intestinal commensal bacteria (which normally lives in the intestine without causing disease) called the Escherichia Coli. Continue reading